Ragita Academy

                                                            Santosh Yadav Santosh Yadav  is an Indian mountaineer. She is the first woman in the world to climb Mount Everest twice, and the first woman to successfully climb Mt. Everest from Kangshung Face. She climbed the peak first in May 1992 and then again in May 1993. During her Everest mission of 1992 she saved the life of another climber, Mohan Singh, by sharing oxygen with him. She was born in Joniyawas village in  Rewari district of  Haryana  state,  India  as the sixth child in a family of five boys. She attended  Maharani College  inJaipur, where she was able to see mountaineers from her room. She was inspired by this to join Uttarkashi's Nehru Institute of Mountaineering while successfully continuing her studies for the  Indian Administrative Service  (IAS) exams in a hostel provided by the  Indian Mountaineering Foundation  at Connought Place,  New Delhi . Aged 20 in 1992, Yadav scaled Everest, becoming the

                                        Sulphuric acid Sulfuric acid  (alternative spelling  sulphuric acid ), also known as  oil of vitriol , is a mineral acid composed of the elements sulfur, oxygen and hydrogen, with molecular formula H 2 SO 4 . It is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is soluble in water and is synthesized in reactions that are highly exothermic. Its corrosiveness can be mainly ascribed to its strong acidic nature, and, if at a high concentration, its dehydrating and oxidizing properties. It is also hygroscopic, readily absorbing water vapor from the air.   Upon contact, sulfuric acid can cause severe chemical burns and even secondary thermal burns; it is very dangerous even at lower concentrations. Sulfuric acid is a very important commodity chemical, and a nation's sulfuric acid production is a good indicator of its industrial strength. It is widely produced with different methods, such as contact process, wet sulfuric acid proces

                             The great pyramid The  Great Pyramid of Giza  (also known as the  Pyramid of Khufu  or the  Pyramid of Cheops ) is the oldest and largest of the three pyramids in the Giza pyramid complex bordering present-day Giza in Greater Cairo, Egypt. It is the oldest of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, and the only one to remain largely intact. Based on a mark in an interior chamber naming the work gang and a reference to the Fourth Dynasty Egyptian pharaoh Khufu, Egyptologists believe that the pyramid was built as a tomb over a 10- to 20-year period concluding around 2560 BC. Initially standing at 146.5 metres (481 feet), the Great Pyramid was the tallest man-made structure in the world for more than 3,800 years until Lincoln Cathedral was finished in 1311 AD. Originally, the Great Pyramid was covered by limestone casing stones that formed a smooth outer surface; what is seen today is the underlying core structure. Some of the casing stones that once

                                            Ammonium phosphate Ammonium phosphate  is an ammonium  salt of orthophosphoric acid. It is a highly unstable compound with the  formula (NH 4 ) 3 PO 4 . Because of its instability, it is elusive and of no commercial value. A related "double salt", (NH 4 ) 3 PO 4 . (NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4  is also recognized but is too unstable for practical use. Both triammonium salts evolve ammonia. In contrast to the unstable nature of the triammonium salts, the  diammonium phosphate (NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4  monoammonium salt (NH 4 )H 2 PO 4,  are stable materials that are commonly used as fertilizers to provide plants with fixed nitrogen and phosphorus. PREPARATION OH AMMONIUM TRIPHOSPHATE Triammonium phosphate can be prepared in the laboratory by treating 85% phosphoric acid with 30% ammonia solution: H 3 PO 4  + 3 NH 3  → (NH 4 ) 3 PO 4 (NH 4 ) 3 PO 4  is a colorless, crystalline solid. The solid, which has the odor of ammonia, is readily soluble

J.J. THOMSON   J.J. Thomson was born on December 18, 1856, in Cheetham Hill, England, and went on to attend Trinity College at Cambridge, where he would come to head the Cavendish Laboratory. His research in cathode rays led to the discovery of the electron, and he pursued further innovations in atomic structure exploration. Thomson won the 1906 Nobel Prize in Physics, among many accolades. He died on August 30, 1940. In 1906, Thomson began studying positively charged ions, or positive rays. This led to one of his other famous discoveries in 1912, when he channeled a stream of ionized neon through a magnetic and an electric field and used deflection techniques to measure the charge to mass ratio. In doing so, he discovered that neon was composed of two different kinds of atoms, and proved the existence of isotopes in a stable element. This was the first use of mass spectrometry. Personal Life and Later Years Thomson married Rose Paget, one of his students, in 1890. They had

                     Electronic configurations   Electronic configuration- electronic configuration the process of dividing electrons equally into orbits of an element. Use of electronic configuration- electronic configuration can be used to find valency, charge, and so on. Sub atomic particles present in an atom- Sub atomic Particles         Charge Mass of particle Electron   Negative ‘-’   9.109390 x10 - 31  kg Proton Positive ‘+’   1.672623 x 10 - 27   kg Neutron No charge   1.672623 x 10 - 27   kg     How to doelectronic configuration- Step 1- find the atomic number of electron in an element. Step 2- find the the no. Of electron in the orbit of an atom. Formula for finding the number of electrons in orbit is - n means serial number of orbit like – 1,2,3.....etc. Step 3- divide electrons according to no. Of electron in orbit is -  Some facts about electronic configuration